Thomas Lee Abshier, ND
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Local Speed of Light
By: Thomas Lee Abshier, ND
The speed of light is unique at each point in space, and appears to have many different
factors which affect its speed, e.g. gravity, matter, and quantum state. We can
integrate the influence contributed by each of these effects by noting that the speed
of light can be computed by considering only the magnetic permeability (ì) and electrical
permittivity (å) of the local space in the equation: c = 1/√ìå. The question is
then, what are the factors that affect the magnetic and electric parameters of space.
And ultimately we wish to understand why and how each of these phenomena, gravity,
matter, and quantum state, affect the magnetic and electrical properties of space.
- An underlying factor which influences every physical phenomenon is the Dipole Sea
Hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that space is filled with a dense lattice of
tightly packed electrons and positrons interspersed between each other.
- A correlate of this hypothesis is that that every particle comprising the Dipole
Sea emits an Electrical and Magnetic field at every moment. This is the inherent
electrostatic and magnetostatic (spin) emission of every particle.
- The free particles have the potential of movement. Thus, due to the interaction
of the inherent magneto-electrostatic field with the Dipole particles, they create
a dynamic EM emission due to this relative movement.
- The increased EM field from the moving particles causes a change in the particles
of the Dipole Sea. This in turn causes the speed of light.
· *** ??? (Are there any experiments, e.g. ahranov bohm experiment that confirm an
EM induced change in speed of light due to the presence of EM fields.)
- The question is then, “Is there a fundamental property of space which underlies all
of the various phenomena which cause the speed of light to vary?”
o The Dipole Sea particles appear to be intimately involved in helping propagate
EM disturbances through space. Thus, could modifications in the interactions of
the DP’s by various phenomena explain the changes in the speed of light seen caused
by:
- Space occupied by high EM fields, e.g. Arahnov-Bohm experiment
- Space occupied by strong gravitational fields, e.g. Gravitational lensing, solar
eclipse visible of starlight bending past the sun,
- Space near mass, e.g. edge diffraction,
- Space near objects going at high velocities, e.g. relativistic time dilation and
length contracture,
- Space occupied by mass, e.g. refraction of light in air, water, calcite, glass, leaded
glass, zircon, diamond,
- Space occupied by a single quantum level gas, e.g. the Bose-Einstein Condensate of
Rubidium gas at 1 milliKelvin.
- The seemingly unrelated diversity of phenomenon which influences the speed of light
suggests that a more fundamental mechanism, or broad class of variables, underlies
the determination of the speed of light.
- One of the more puzzling phenomenon is the quantum effect seen so ubiquitously throughout
nature. Possibly this arises because independent particles can only occupy certain
spaces in the lattice of the Dipole Sea? Quantum phenomenon include:
o The deBroglie wavelength; the appearance of mass having a wavelength; possibly
due to the interaction between particles and the Dipole Sea.
o The Uncertainty Principle; the inability to measure the location and velocity of
a particle because it must be disturbed by a wave or particle which has a momentum,
in order to measure the object’s momentum.
o The Schrödinger Wave Equation; the equation which accurately predicts the allowable
energies that can be occupied by electron orbitals.
o Black Body Radiation; the Boltzman curve distribution of light intensity vs. frequency
is emitted by a black object heated up to various temperatures from sub-freezing
to solar fusion. The curve is made up of discrete frequency waves, each separated
by multiples of Plank’s constant.
o The Bose-Einstein Condensate; a supercooled gas of an atom, such as Rubidium, which
has been cooled sufficiently that the thermal energy of each of the particles occupies
the same quantum state. Possibly this is simply the amount of energy necessary to
fit between the particles of the Dipole Sea at each moment.***
- The Dipole Sea mediates the passage of electromagnetic waves. Light is an EM wave
packet, and the passage of these EM wave packets through space interacts with both
the Free Particles and matrix of particles of the Dipole Sea. The Free Particles
modify the electrical and magnetic properties of space, causing the EM wave packets
to modify their rate of transit. The changes in the rate of the speed of light through
glass, water, air, diamond, calcite, leaded glass, etc, make it ob vious that the
configuration of the atoms cause an interaction between light’s EM wave packets and
the atoms of a material substance.
- The modification of the electrical and magnetic properties of space (ì and å) also
results from the application of gravitic stress on a space. The Dipole Sea particles
will be pulled into a denser configuration near gravitational bodies because of the
net force on all particles (Independent physical particles and Dipole Sea particles).
This effect can be seen as light bends as it passes stars and black holes. This
phenomenon has been used as the proof of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity
and modeled as “bent or warped” space. But, this effect could be modeled just as
effectively using an electromagnetic argument.
- The electrical properties and quantum states of the particles in a light-transparent
medium determine the speed of light through that medium. Empty space transmits light
most rapidly, and the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) and the space around Black Holes
transmit light at the slowest speed. Glass and water conduct light at intermediate
speeds associated with the intermediate density of these materials.
o The BEC forms when a substance is cooled to within a millionth of a degree of absolute
zero (degree Kelvin, K°). In that state, all the particles in the BEC (such as the
gaseous atoms of Rubidium which were used in the first BEC experiment) are aggregated
into an undifferentiated blob of atoms with a single quantum state.
o The kinetic energies of the particles in this state are so low that all the atoms
of a BEC occupy the same quantum state. Particles of mass normally occupy a spectrum
of kinetic energies, and thus a spectrum of quantum states.
o Light normally travels though the Dipole Sea. Undisturbed space, an empty dipole
sea has no limitations upon the number of quantum states that it can occupy. As
space becomes more stressed by fields, and/or gravity the conductivity of the space
will be affected.
o Every particle in a BEC has the same quantum state, which means that to conduct
light through this region; the passing wave must vibrate the mass of the electrons
and positrons into a higher energy for a moment. The masses themselves have become
part of the fabric of space that must be vibrated in order to pass the EM disturbance.
o The electromagnetic properties of mass (free particles) are different than free
space. The free particles respond much slower to the electromagnetic waves of the
photon packet than the Dipole Sea particles.
In Summary: The Dipole Sea particles are less responsive to the absorption and re-emission
of EM wave packets when they are more densely packed. The Dipole Sea is less responsive
when the space has atoms (mass particles) embedded within it. And, the Dipole Sea
is even less responsive when the mass closely resonates with the energetic state
of the Dipole Sea. Another way of conceptualizing why the speed of light reduces
is to consider that these phenomena dampen the springiness of space. Such dampening
slows the rate of transmission of EM signals.
