Thomas Lee Abshier, ND
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Electron and Positron Pair-Annihilation
By: Thomas Lee Abshier, ND
- Electrons and positrons are antimatter equivalent particles, in that they possess
a magnetic spin and an opposite electrical charge. Electrical nomenclature still
contains remnants of the historical understanding of the subatomic world. The early
researchers in electronic theory defined the charge flowing in a circuit as a positive
charge, when in fact electrons flow in an electronic circuit. Thus, when viewing
positive charge as the current flowing in a circuit, it is called “conventional”
current, to reflect that this is the current designated by a “convention”. Positrons
do not flow in a circuit, although they are equivalent in every way to electrons
except that they carry a positive charge.
- Positrons were first hypothesized in 1931 by Paul Anton Maurice Dirac because of
the positive and negative solutions to the relativistic equations of mass. Anderson
found laboratory evidence in bubble chamber photographs of positrons in 1932. The
photographs revealed the existence of a positively charged particle with an equivalent
mass, but with a charge opposite to the electron.
- Because they have an opposite charge, they exert an attractive force on each other,
and if they pass sufficiently close to each other they can bond together. This process
of combining and bonding is called Pair Annihilation. When annihilation occurs,
the two particles lose their mass equivalent energy and their kinetic energy in the
form of two energetic photons known as gamma (ã) rays. The both the electron and
positron have a mass equivalent energy of .511MeV. Thus, if the electron and positron
have a near zero relative velocity then the ã rays emitted will both be around .511
MeV. If the electron and positron have a higher kinetic energy, then that kinetic
energy will be added to the mass-energy of the ã ray when the pair annihilates.
- If the frame of reference of the electron and positron is assumed to be the center
of mass of the two-particle system, then the two ã rays formed after pair annihilation
will travel in exactly opposite directions. In this frame there is only an approach
velocity (as opposed to a parallel and perpendicular velocity) to consider in the
conservation of energy equation. Thus, the two photons will therefore contain the
mass-equivalent energy of the two particles plus the before-collision energy.
- The collision could be followed in the laboratory frame of reference, which we will
assume to be stationary with respect to the earth. In this frame the particles will
have a velocity with respect to a coordinate system established in the physical laboratory.
In this collision, the two particles might move at different velocities and with
an angle of incidence (i.e. rather than a head-on collision). After the collision
and pair annihilation, the two ã rays that form from the collision will create an
angle that reflects the momentum of the incident electron-positron pair. The energy
of the two resultant ã rays will sum to an energy equivalent of the mass of the annihilated
electron and positron, plus the energy associated with their relative velocities.
- Again, Pair Annihilation occurs at the point of electron and positron collision.
Because the electron and positron have opposite electric charges, they will attract
and capture each other, preventing further kinetic translation if they pass within
sufficient proximity. As they collide and bind, they begin the process of “transforming
matter into energy.”
- When considering pair annihilation with respect to the absolute frame, then at least
one particle will be in motion with respect to the frame of the Grid Points and the
Dipole Sea. Each moving particle has a momentum which corresponds to an electric
and magnetic field surrounding the path of the charged particle. This kinetic energy
field forms in response to the relative motion of the charged mass with respect to
Grid Points and the Dipole Sea.
- When the two particles collide and annihilate, there is no longer a point of focus
to hold the electrical polarization and magnetic alignment created by the two particle’s
kinetic energy field. The result is the production of two ã rays, each one corresponding
to the mass energy and the kinetic energy field of its respective particle prior
to the collision. As a result, the ã rays proceed in the direction of their original
particle’s momentum. There is only one absolute frame, and that is the frame that
describes the actual Kinetic Energy field, and the angle of collision. But, regardless
of the frame chosen, the system will conserve energy before and after the collision.
- Pair annihilation is the inverse of the creation process that occurs when an electron
and positron are formed. As the electron mass and positron mass approach collision,
their electric fields attract, and likewise, the magnetic fields of the electron
and positron align to produce an attractive force. As they collide, the outer polarized
layers of the electron and positron that separated the central unpaired positive
and negative DPs are no longer barriers to more intimate contact by the central DPs.
- The energy of separation that was required to be placed into the unpaired negative
and positive DPs to create an electron and positron mass is stored in the organizational
structure of the polarized DPs surrounding the unpaired DP. And, as the electron
and positron come into closer proximity, there is progressively less differential
of force available to polarize the DP Sea in a manner corresponding to the separated
charges. This energy of polarization cannot be destroyed or dissipate into annihilated
nothingness. Rather, that organization of the DP Sea associated with the electron
and positron mass will disconnect from the attractive force of the central unpaired
DPs and form two photons. The photons are concentrated, directed packets of EM energy
that continue to carry the mass and kinetic energy of each of the particles.
- Thus, the kinetic energy of the electron and positron both proceed as a photon, thereby
preserving the direction and magnitude of the kinetic and mass energy of them both.
The key concept is that the unpaired positive and negative charges stored the energy
of their mass in the correlation of polarized DPs around those central DPs. This
is a recurrent and important theme of the Theory, that energy is stored in space
by the stressing of the DP Sea. In the case of EM waves and photons, the correlation
of the DP Sea cannot remain at rest since there is no unpaired DP around which to
stabilize; hence the EM wave and photon can only exist as lightspeed propagating
correlations.
- When the positive and negative DPs are separated by pair production, the EM force
that separated them can no longer travel at the speed of light because the central
DP is now continuing to experience the decelerating force of its semi bonding with
the DP Sea. And inversely, when the electron and positron mass annihilate, and the
unpaired positive and negative central DPs re-pair, that correlation energy associated
with their kinetic energy and mass polarization is now dissociated from the central
DP that prevented their maximum rate of propagation of this correlation through the
DP Sea Matrix.
- Thus, the pair annihilation forms two high energy photons; two ã rays with a total
of at least 1.022 MeV of energy. The actual amount of energy contained by the newly
formed ã ray depends on the relative velocity of the two particles. The kinetic
energy field of the two masses is already an electromagnetic charge-organization
of the DP Sea; it is merely released from anchoring influence of the unpaired DPs
by the pair annihilation.
- As a point of validation of the Theory, the observed fact that the mass energy, and
kinetic energy of the electron and positron are both converted into a g ray photon
gives strong evidence to the theory that both kinetic energy and mass energy have
at their base a common underlying electromagnetic understructure. Thus, the phenomenon
of pair production is an important experimental pointer to the fact of an underlying
Dipole Sea structure.
- The separation of the DP Sea from its ordinary state of roughly intermixed positive
and negative DPs occurred by the introduction of a sufficiently strong polarizing
field which allowed the electron and positron mass to form.
- Upon annihilation, the kinetic energy fields and mass energy fields disengage from
the central unpaired DP and form two ã ray photons. These photons have an identical
structure to all other photons, indicating that the kinetic energy field, and mass
energy were simply special cases of DP Sea organization. Each of the forms of DP
Sea organizational correlation has its own particular characteristic in terms of
energy, configuration, and resonance with other DP organizational structures.
- Prior to annihilation, the electron and positron mass (or any two other anti-particles)
are sufficiently far apart, with sufficient kinetic energy, or sufficiently bound,
so as to be outside of the influence of the attractive electric and magnetic fields
which would cause the pair to collide and annihilate. But, when the two particles
collide, the central unpaired positive and negative DP recombine, join the background
population of the Dipole Sea, and thus dissipate their influence as the organizing
nidus or seed around which the electron and positron mass formed. The polarized
space which was actually the location of the stored energy held by the separated
particles no longer had a force that held the polarized space in a stationary manner.
- In summary: pair annihilation is a complex sequential three-dimensional interaction
between the unpaired DPs and the surrounding Polarized space, and the associated
Kinetic energy fields. The major elements of the collision are as follows:
- The Dipole Particles of the Sea are polarized and aligned around the unpaired positive
and negative DPs that form the electron and positron mass. And, they have a Kinetic
Energy field around them that also polarizes the Dipole Sea.
- The electron and positron collision experience Pair Annihilation when they capture
each other with sufficient attractive force to overcome the forces of momentum that
drive the particles onward through the Dipole Sea.
- To change the velocity of a charged particle, it must experience a net acceleration,
a net force, from outside of its internal system of self-maintained velocity. The
Kinetic energy field was established by the input of energy from an initial acceleration,
and this field is a type of organization of the DPs surrounding the mass.
- Energy is transferred from one particle to the next by means of the application of
a net accelerating force. In the case of ordinary inter-atomic collisions the electron
shells are both negative, so the particles themselves do not intermix and annihilate;
rather, they maintain their identity and structure. The orbital shells repel, and
because one is traveling at a faster velocity than the other, there will be a deceleration
by the faster particle in response to the force opposing its velocity. The Kinetic
energy field associated with the faster particle will push the faster particle into
the electrostatic repulsion space of the slower particle. As such, the slower particle
will experience a force which will accelerate it, and the faster particle will experience
a force that will decelerate it. The net result will be that there will be a transfer
of kinetic energy fields.
- But, when the pair is on a collision course to annihilation, both particles will
be experiencing an acceleration force toward the other. This is the first stage
of transferring the energy of the pair of masses into the pair of gamma ray photons.
As the pair accelerates they increase their kinetic energy, and reduce the amount
of potential energy associated with their separation.
- Next, the polarized regions associated with the pair begin to mix. There is no actual
movement of the polarized regions around the positron and electron through space
as an entity that maintains its identity; rather, these regions are created moment
by moment under the influence of the unpaired central DP.
- The polarized regions superimpose when electron and positron annihilate. When the
positive and negative central DPs re-pair, the central organizing foci that anchored
the polarized volume no longer exists. At the time of the superimposition of the
two particles, the polarization of the two central DPs exactly oppose each other,
and hence leaves the space of the annihilation with essentially no fields and no
polarization.
- This moment of complete destructive superimposition, and the subsequent emergence
of two g rays that carry the entire mass and kinetic energy of the two particles
prior to annihilation, illustrates the principle that the DP Sea and/or Matrix are
carrying the kinetic energy and mass polarization as information. Thus, a wave can
appear to be completely annihilated, destroyed, and cancelled, but in fact, the information
once generated survives the temporary superimposition of mass and fields. It is
for this reason that waves, can superimpose without distortion.
