Quark Theory
By: Thomas Lee Abshier, ND
January 6, 2009
The quark theory proposes organizing particles into 2 quark particles (called mesons
– examples: the pion and kaon…), 3 quark particles (called hadrons – examples: the
proton and neutron) and 5 quark particles (pentaquarks).
There are 3 groups of quarks, Up/Down, Charm/Strange, and Top/Bottom, and each of
these quarks has a corresponding anti-quark. The proton is made of a combination
of up, up, down quarks (with a mixture of quark and anti-quarks in the combination);
while the neutron is made of up, down, down quarks.
The neutron decays into a proton, electron, and a neutrino, by a down quark converting
into an up quark, and emitting an electron and neutrino. The quark system of transformation
between particles is an elegant expression of mathematical symmetry.
The quark is a mass-type particle, with 1/3 or 2/3 charge, but has poor cohesion
in a free space environment. Outside of its bonding in a hadron or meson, the quark
is so unstable that it cannot even maintain its structure long enough as a free particle
to make a track in a bubble chamber. Thus, the existence of quarks must be inductively
inferred by bubble chamber identification of the predicted decay products.
Assuming that a quark is an elemental conscious particle produces a very complex
system composing many different particles and particle types. Such an assumption
results in a theoretical system populated by far too many elemental particles, each
of which would follow its own unique programmed laws of behavior.
Thus, we shall postulate that the quark is a subatomic orbiting assembly of Negative
and Positive DPs. This system would allow any quark to exist which could maintain
an identifiable level of stability, or what we shall call a resonant state.
The Standard Model proposes the bonding of particles as being mediated by exchange
forces that hold these “particles” together. In the case of the proton and neutron,
the unit of exchange is the neutral Pi meson (aka: the neutral pion). The pion is
simply two quarks that are shared between the proton and neutron. Thus, when the
proton and neutron are in sufficiently close proximity, they can share the ongoing
oscillation of the pion.
The bonding of proton and neutron is considered to be a manifestation of the strong
force, but reframing the interaction as a sharing of particles shows that the Strong
force is not a force at all, but rather a sharing of substance more akin to melding
than attraction.
Quarks inside a nucleon engage in a dynamic process of Dipole Particle exchange,
and the bonding between them consists of trading back and forth small quanta of Dipole
Particles that compose the substance of quarks.
The glue that holds quarks together to form any quark aggregate (mesons and hadrons)
is the formation of a Siamese Twin type particle. A single quark decays so quickly
that it cannot be seen outside of the nucleus. A two quark particle (the meson),
can exist for a small fraction of a second, but long enough to be identified by the
macroscopic tools of bubble chamber analysis. The three quark particles (the hadrons
such as proton and neutron) can maintain stability for long periods of time, the
neutron decays after about 10 minutes outside of the nucleon, but the proton’s stability
is almost infinite even when isolated. This same effect rationalizes the bonding
of proton and neutron. Likewise, this same process underlies the bonding of multiple
protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
According to this analysis, the Strong Force is not a force in the sense of pulling
or responding to a conscious command. Rather, the Strong Force interactions give
the appearance of force because of the underlying process of constituent particles
sharing their substance. This sharing keeps the Dipole Particle structures (quarks)
in close proximity, which simulates the effect of movement according to conscious
command. It is this type of interaction that we shall refer to as exerting force.
The Strong Force would be more properly referred to as the Strong Bond, or the “Nucleon
Association”.
This postulate allows the Positive and Negative DPs alone to be the underlying substrate
composing all mass, and in the process satisfies the criteria of Occam’s razor. The
Dipole Particle theory is simpler than the Standard Model which proposes the existence
of 4 or more fundamental particles, each of which has many types (leptons, neutrinos,
hadrons, quarks, and exchange forces).
In the TOA, we propose that all the fundamental particles, leptons, quarks, hadrons,
gluons, etc as aggregations of Negative DPs and Positive DPs that form into stable
complex assemblies according to the resonance states that a particular space or environment
will allow. The decay of particles arises when the constituent Dipole Particles
move to a position outside of those allowed configurations of resonance. The disruption
of the constituent substance of a particle may occur by decay, which is the particulate
displacement produced by random quantum fluctuations. Or, a particle may split and
dissociate into its constituent particles by collision.
Quarks are thus the semi-stable conformations of aggregations of resonant assemblies
of Dipole Particles. These resonant structures compose the internal structure the
neutron and proton, as well as the rest of the Particle zoo of mesons and hadrons.
Quarks are described mathematically because there is an underlying order to the
allowable resonant states. As a result, these semi-stable particle configurations
decay in predictable ways. There is no ultimate particle, only various forms of
resonant aggregations. Some of the aggregations have greater ability to configure
the constituent Dps and maintain stability. Such particles would be the long lived
and have what is called a deep energy well, which means that more energy must be
supplied to the particle to cause it to dissociate into smaller stable assemblies
of resonant Dipole Particles.
Quarks may be spinning structures of Positive and Negative Dipole Particles, which
would give them the effect of having spin, and contributing to the overall or aggregate
spin of a larger assembly. Thus, when a particle decays, the new stable resonance
states of Dipole Particles have little to do with the function or structure of the
original particle that decayed.
This theory of Quarks being resonant-stable aggregates of Dipole Particles fits well
into the overall Theory of Absolutes. The same fundamental particles, the Dipole
Particles, Grid Points, and Force Particles are the constituent mediators for all
the effects of Quantum Mechanics, Field Theory, Mechanics, and Particle Theory. In
turn, each of these domains of largely distinct types of interaction, is simply a
category of manifestation that the unifying paradigm that reflects the interactions
of the elemental objects objects of creation, and the Laws by which God declared
that they interact.
