The Heavens Declare His Handiwork

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Electromagnetic Concepts
By: Thomas Lee Abshier, ND

The photon is a packet of energy carried as a small volume (1mm – 10-6mm; IR – ã ray) of time and space variant fields which organize the DP Sea (Negative DPs and Positive DPs) in accordance with the imposed fields as generated by an interplay of fields generated by the DP Sea and Matrix.

(wave equation, x direction, curl of Faraday’s Law)

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/maxsup.html#c2

• A photon can be formed as a pulse of EM energy when an electron and positron collide in pair annihilation.  In the collision, there is a melee of Negative DPs and Positive DPs recombining.  But, the energy of their separation around the central Negative DP and Positive DP continues on as a time variant field.

 

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/lepton.html#c6

• A photon can be likewise formed by deceleration (braking radiation) of a charged particle (classically seen in x ray generation when a kV energy electron penetrates the inner shell of a heavy nucleus, and bends its path).  The loss of energy to the DP Sea by polarizing it during the braking interaction causes the DP Sea and Matrix to likewise polarize and generate discreet units of energy as a photon to carry away the energy lost during the angular acceleration of the incoming electron.

   

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/xrayc.html#c2

• As the electron and positron annihilate, the Matrix detects the dE/dt and dB/dt associated with each of the DPs composing the electron and positron as they annihilate.  The deceleration of the two masses, and all their DPs, generates a B field in the space that corresponds to its momentum.  The generation of this B field is detected by the Matrix, which in turn generates an E field.  Thus, two electromagnetic waves forms that correspond in their energetic magnitude to the kinetic energy carried by the two charged particles prior to their collision.  The Matrix and the DP Sea interact to propagate the two photonic EM fields forward, in opposite directions, without dispersion, at the local speed of light.
• Each photonic energy packet carries an element of rotation.  Evidence suggesting this fact is noted in the qualitative examination of the phenomenon which produce photons:

o When orbital electrons drop from an activated orbit, to a lower orbital energy, they lose a photon with an energy equivalent to this orbital energy drop.  The angular momentum of the orbital electron is conserved in the created photon.  

o In Bremsstralung, where high energy electrons bend in their paths due to passing close to the inner shells of a heavy atom, a braking radiation photon (x ray) is formed to carry away the lost momentum.  The angular acceleration of an incoming electron does not produce a corresponding change in the atom’s orbital activation level.  The polarization of space created by the close proximity of these two like-charged particles, the change in direction of the incoming electron, and the inner electron’s corresponding lack of deviation from its course, leaves the space around the inner electron polarized.  The local DPs and Matrix holding that polarization cannot hold this angular momentum at rest.  Thus, since the polarization of space has no mass to hold it, a photon forms and carries this angular momentum away at the local speed of light.

• Additional evidence for the rotating nature/quality contained in the photon is seen in the units of Planck’s constant of angular momentum.  
• The equation indicating that the energy of a photon is composed of only rotational elements is Einstein’s famous equation E=hν.  Thus, the energies of a photon can only be carried in quanta of energy in the multiples of Planck’s constant.
• The photon is somewhat like a particle of mass but it has no isolated central Positive DP or electron.  Instead, the energy of the photon is carried by the organization of Negative DPs and Positive DPs (both with electrical separation due to the E fields, and magnetic orientation due to the photon’s B fields) which are in an ongoing interaction with the Matrix.  
• The photon is composed of a region of Negative DPs and Positive DPs oriented according to the magnetic and electrical forces created by the Matrix, which is in turn affected by the magnetic and electrical orientation of the DP Sea particles.  
• The photon has an inherent rotational nature within its space, where the E field and B field alternate back and forth in terms of the total energy component held by the photon in each of these energy compartments.  In other words, the photon trades energy storage as an electrical field and a magnetic field.  
• The Electrical field of the photon is perpendicular to the direction of travel (i.e. it is a transverse wave).  In the photon’s EM field, The E field changes direction 360° through one wavelength of travel.  In other words, the E field starts in one direction at its maximum magnitude, maintains its same direction but reduces in magnitude down to zero at ¼ wavelength travel (90° along the sine wave), reverses direction and increases magnitude up to ½ wavelength (180°), decreases in magnitude to ¾ wavelength (270°), and returns to its original direction while increasing in magnitude up to its maximum at 1 wavelength (360° – 0°).    
• Thus, if the photon were directed toward the horizon, the E field would have an angle with respect to the horizon.  And, since the E field only increases and decreases in magnitude along its vector axis, the E field does not change its direction with respect to the horizon.  In other words, it has a certain horizontal and vertical polarization once formed.  This explains the underlying forces associated with the phenomenon of polarized light and wave polarization.
• Regarding the structure of the photon, “is the photon a plane with minimal thickness but a diameter of 1 wavelength?”  Or, “is the photon a cylinder of 1 wavelength diameter and 1 wavelength length?”
• To answer this question we examine some phenomenon to see how they would best create the noted effect.

o Dual Slit interferometry: A single photon goes through both slits at the same time, interferes with itself, and produces a spot on the target imaging screen.  By having the entire energy of the wave pass through both slits, this indicates that there is a diameter extent to the wave.

o Photon Emission from Activated Orbital Electron Decay:

§ The momentum energy of an electron is carried in and around the mass of a linear velocity electron.  

• Likewise, the Dipole Sea/Matrix stores the momentum of the orbital electron around the orbital as a standing wave.  
• The requirement that the electron occupy only certain orbital levels can be understood based on the fact that space can only carry energies containing integral multiples of Planck’s constant.  
• This is coupled with the fact that those available wavelengths must also satisfy the criteria of the Bohr radius (i.e. the radial attractive force between the electron and nucleus must be equivalent to the momentum at that radius).  

§ The electron mass carrying the momentum of the orbital electron is subject to a continual angular acceleration toward the nucleus.  

• In the case of a high energy electron being bent in its trajectory by the repulsion of the inner electron orbitals would produce Bremsstralung radiation.  
• The force required to change the course of the electron was mediated by the space between the incoming electron and the inner orbital electrons.  
• The incoming electron does not have an available orbital that it can fit into.
• The force did not accelerate the entire nucleus rapidly enough to absorb the energy of the repulsion stored in the space between the incoming electron and the nucleus.
• As a result, the energy associated with the change in velocity was released by the space as a photon.

§ In the case of the orbital electron, it has a continual pull that is accelerating it toward the nucleus.  

• This continual change in direction requires a force.
• The centripetal force of the attraction between the nucleus and orbital electron continually accelerates the electron toward the nucleus.  
• The energy associated with the change in direction of the electron is likewise stored in the field between the electron and nucleus.  The question is why it does not fly off as a photon, just as in the case of the Bremsstralung generating electron?
• The reason this system is different is that the energy stored in the orbital field between nucleus and electron, at each moment is reabsorbed by the orbital electron in the next moment.  
• The question is then, what is the nature of space that allows such a resonance?
• We simply note that energy is quantized into units of angular momentum.  How does this relate to linear momentum?  The answer is that linear momentum has associated with it fields that are dependent upon an angular change in direction as they transfer between electrical and magnetic fields.  The mass going at subluminal speeds simply has a rate of energy transformation that the space can process.  Planck’s constant is the granularity of the universe as it relates to the rate of transformation of the E field into the B field.  
• The electron, as it moves in a linear velocity it has a certain angular momentum associated with its E and B field transformation.  
• As the electron move in an angular velocity, the energy lost by the electron due to its change in direction, is recaptured at each succeeding moment.  
• There is no energy lost to space when in linear flight.  There is likewise no energy lost to space when in orbital motion.  
• The electron held in orbit by the electrical bonds of the nuclear attraction is not fundamentally different than the ball on a string whose electrical connection to the central weight.  The only effect which is obscured in the “ball on a string system” are the quantum effects which are masked by the slow speeds, large number of particles, and macro-viewing perspective.  
• The electron as it enters the orbital zone converts its momentum from linear velocity to angular velocity.  And, as such there is an acceleration of the electron, a velocity given to its path in a new direction to create the orbital angular velocity.  The fact is that atoms have angular velocity.  
• And, the interesting fact is that the electron captured in an orbital does not radiate energy as does the high energy electron radiating Bremsstrahlung X rays.  
• The reason for the distinction is that the captured orbital electron has established an acceptable angular momentum as per the requirements of the space around the atom.  
• Thus, there is nothing special about the bond between the two particles of mass in an orbital.  At the dimensions of the electron cloud and inter-atomic bonds, the quantum nature of space exerts absolute control over available electron movements.  
• Electron position is always limited, regardless of whether that system is a ball on a string or electron-nucleus system.  But, at the macroscopic perspective, those limitations are not visible.  The granularity of the increments of motion are so fine, the restrictions of position cannot be identified as step-wise movements from the macroscopic perspective.
• The bottom line is that all masses in angular momentum systems must comply with the restrictions imposed upon them by space, and that energy will not be radiated if that space can accommodate the particular level of energy being impressed upon it by the angular velocity of the particle.

§ This brings up the question of the Pauli Exclusion Principle: which in essence prevents two particles around an atom from occupying the same quantum energy level.

• The reason why Pauli Exclusion prevents other particles from occupying the same quantum energy level reflects what in fact it going on with the electrons and their relationship to the space they occupy.
• The electron, once in an orbit, probably distributes its energy of momentum in the space as a standing wave of polarized space.  
• Thus, when the electron is impacted by a probing particle, the uncertainty principle is a reflection of the fact that the particle will be more or less localizable depending upon the velocity of the incoming particle probe.  
• Likewise, the PEP is a reflection of the fact that a certain space is already polarized in a certain way, and is thus incapable of carrying the momentum of a particle with the same electrical and magnetic characteristics.
• In particular, a space that is carrying an orbital which has a particular magnetic orientation to its momentum will naturally repel the DP Sea/polarize it in such a way as be able to carry the polar opposite of the magnetic polarization produced by the first orbital electron in that orbit.  
• The polarization of the space associated with the first orbital influences the available spaces where the next layer of electrons can orbit and hold that space captive.
• The availability of an electron orbital, as per the quantum numbers that are filled, determines whether an electron can occupy that space.
• The electron orbitals have specific patterns of resonance with the underlying Dipole Sea/Matrix conductive medium.  The Planck Constant-governed nature of space only allows space to conduct angular motion at certain angular momentums.  Thus, any perturbation of an orbital from a prescribed tract is going to be un-transmittable.  In other words, if space can’t conduct the angular momentum of an electron, then the extra angular momentum associated with that orbital will be conducted away in a manner that space is actually able to conduct.  
• Thus, the formation of a photon, traveling away from its point of generation, tangential to the path of its original activated outer orbital.  
• We shall use laser photon emission as an example of the type of interaction between fields and mass that causes an activated orbital to decay and release a photon.  
• Thus, we shall generalize this example and postulate that the activated orbital electron decays to a lower energy orbital, and releases a photon after a collision of some type, possibly a photon, subatomic particle, or atom.
• The electric and magnetic fields associated with the photon are complex, and have been described in Physical Review.  

o In short, the photon can be modeled as a complex EM field.  The quanta of energy released by various energetic transactions transits through space in the form of a photon.  That energy can be used to power various processes if the photonic quanta can be absorbed and utilized, e.g. by biosynthesis, evaporation, photoelectric cell capture for powering circuits or storage in battery systems.

o To describe the actual structure of the photon is beyond my ability, since the structure of such an electromagnetic pulse is so complex.

o Nevertheless, we can assume that the photon possesses a few basic structural characteristics which allow us to have some understanding of how it may behave and what is going on inside its structure.

§ The fields inside the photon will cause negative DPs and positive DPs to separate and move in the direction impressed upon them by the electric fields constituting the photon.

§ Likewise, the magnetic poles of the DPs in the space constituting the photon will move and align according to the influence of the magnetic fields of the photon.

• Thus, the photon occupies an increment of space.  The fields composing the photon orient the Negative DPs and Positive DPs and their magnetic poles in that small space occupied by the photon according to the direction of force applied by the photon’s E & B fields.

o The magnitude of the E & B fields composing the photon increase and decrease over the length and diameter of the photon.

o The photon has a longitudinal extent of one wavelength, and a radial extent whose diameter equals one wavelength.  

o The strength of the magnetic and electric field varies sinusoidally with the photon’s radius and its length.  But, the photon is much more complex than a simple sinusoidal variation of E & B fields that whose maxima are offset by 90°.  

o The photon has a radial and longitudinal extent, and the complexity of the field, Matrix, and DP interactions defies an easy description as a sine wave.

• The photon has longitudinal segments where the E Field (electric field) predominates in its effect, alternating with segments where the B Field (magnetic field) predominates.

o As a rough approximation, for visualization purposes only, the magnitude of the photon’s E field varies sinusoidally over its length, from zero, to positive maximum, to zero, to negative maximum, to zero.  

§ The E field points in one direction, alternating in magnitude, forward and reverse.  Thus, creating the effect of polarized light.

o Likewise, the magnitude of the photon’s B field likewise varies sinusoidally over its length, but 90° offset from the E field.

o The fields composing the photon maintain their relationship, but advanced forward at the speed of light, and vary in magnitude radially and longitudinally.    

§ The forward advance of the photon, and each segment is the amount allowed by the local speed of light.

o The DPs are moved to organize according to the E & B fields constituting the Photon, and this force is in a direction perpendicular to the photon’s direction of travel.  

§ The photon propagates forward in a particular direction in order to preserve/conserve the momentum present in the space at the moment of creation.

§ As noted above, the orbital portion of the angular momentum continues on at a lower orbital energy because of its resonance with the allowable quantum levels at which space can transmit angular motion.  

§ Thus, the increment of energy dropped by the orbital electron will be transmitted off in a linear direction, tangential to the angular path transcribed by the electron captured in the allowed quantum level of the angular momentum conserving-conducting orbital.

o Thus, the E-B plane (the plane perpendicular to the direction of travel) has an influence extending out to a circumference equal to its wavelength.  

§ At each moment the E & B field forces in each segment exerts its particular organizing force on the underlying DP Sea.  The DPs then organize according to the specific type, direction, and magnitude of the force.

o The wavelength of the photon generates according to the amount of energy that the space must conduct.

§ In the case of the high energy photon, the energy released from the orbital must be transferred from the orbital to linear velocity in a rapid gradient.  

§ In other words, the field gradient from resting space to the field of the photon that carries that quantum of energy lost will be higher for a high energy quantum.

§ Thus, the rate of field change will be higher for a more energetic photon, which corresponds to a higher dE/dt and dB/dt.  And, a rapid change of E & B field corresponds to a more rapid frequency and shorter wavelength (a prediction obviously consistent with experiment).

§ Thus, the quantum of energy associated with the photon is imprinted with a structure which endures throughout its path of transit.

o At every moment, each plane-segment of the photon faithfully reproduces itself onto the next incremental volume of space.  

§ The Dipole Sea and Matrix is the medium of transmission of the photon.

• In the undisturbed Dipole Sea, the Dipole Electrons and Dipole Positrons form a cubic packed crystal-like structure of alternating Negative DPs and Positive DPs with each DP having a random magnetic pole orientation.

o This alternating charge structure is the orientation of the DP Sea under rest conditions.  This ordered crystalline structuring represents the state of maximum disorder, which is the state of maximum entropy.

o Space, in its mass-free, field-free state, has the highest state of disorganization.

§ The DP’s magnetic poles are randomly oriented over 360°.

§ The DP charge distribution is oriented at its lowest energy configuration with the placement of the alternating electron DP and positron DP.

o The DPs in this configuration, the resting, undisturbed space, are in a space where minimum entropy and maximum entropy overlap.  

o The addition of any energy to the space will increase the overall entropy of the universe, but it will decrease the entropy of the local volume that contains the energy.

• Photon generation occurs by: particle collision, particle annihilation, particle decay, particle deceleration, or particle orbit drop.  

o The energy content of the photon (i.e. its wavelength and frequency) depends on the energy of the interaction that created the photon.  

o Each of the photon-creating events involves particles of mass and various types of mass-energy transfers.

§ Loss of kinetic energy from a mass in motion:

• Kinetic energy is held in the fields and organization of the DPs in the space within the particle and surrounding the particle.
• Bremsstrahlung is the premier example of mass losing kinetic energy and converting that kinetic energy into photonic energy.
• Cherenkov radiation is a second example of mass losing kinetic energy, and having that energy converted into photons.

§ Loss of mass-energy (Particle Decay):

• Mass corresponds to a DP organization which holds a particular amount of energy.
• When the DP Sea loses the organization corresponding to a particle of mass, the space holding that particle releases its mass-organization into a photon.
• Particle decay may be explained as a statistical event triggered by encountering random fluctuations in the organization of space.  Thus, particle decay rate may be an artifact associated with the particle interacting with the energy/organizational disturbances passing through a space.

§ Orbital Energy Shell Drop:

• Orbital energy loss with electron shell drop is merely the transfer of energy from angular momentum to linear momentum.  
• The trigger for the shell drop is a collision, or disturbance in the m and e of space.  
• The symmetry of the transmission of the angular momentum was sufficiently disturbed by the space so as to not allow space to continue to carry that amount of angular momentum.  
• Space can only conduct angular momentum that complies with the integral multiples of the underlying unit of angular momentum.
• Space-time (the m and e) may be distorted by fields passing through an orbital.  This asymmetry of the DP Sea (bent space) may be sufficient to cause the loss of energy from the orbital.
• This asymmetry could cause an orbital shell drop by the electron.  The photon may form from the remnant of energy that space could not carry as angular momentum.
• Each of the energy transformations into a photon are produced by a collapse of the E & B fields and DP Sea organization associated with another form of energy (e.g. mass, inter-atomic bonds, orbital angular momentum, or linear kinetic energy).  

o The photon is the type of energy entity formed when an energy transaction cannot be accomplished in a manner that space can conduct in its original form.

o Thus, photon metaphorically fit into the category of  “dust”, as the energetic remnants of various collision-types.  

• The photon in QED is considered to be the particle which transmits EM force.  

o This is true in the most general sense.  Collisions have an underlying dynamic, a sequential process of forces and particles which mediate the very successful QED algorithm.

o Feynman himsels said that QED has no gears and pulleys underneath it, only a description of the macro effect.

o Given the extremely accurate predictions provided by QED, we can safely say that QED provides a paradigm which must be consistently incorporated as a subset of a larger theory that has a more mechanistic structure underlying it.

o The precepts of the Theory of Absolutes give QED real intuitive power, by giving it the billiard balls, strings, and push-rods to connect fields with action in the quantum manner in which it predicts.  

o Thus, QED can be understood in terms of actual units of physical interaction, thus giving understanding and mechanisms to the Feynman diagram energy exchanges involved during the various types of collision and decay scenarios.